“Geography or History”: Anatomy of a Nuclear-Age Rhetorical Crisis
(By Khalid Masood) 1. Introduction The May 2026 exchange between Indian Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi and Pakistan’s Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR) represents a dangerous escalation in declaratory policy between two nuclear-armed adversaries still recovering from the May 2025 Operation Sindoor crisis. Dwivedi’s warning that Pakistan must choose whether to remain “part of geography or…










