Balance Sheet of the Iran–Israel Conflict
(By Khalid Masood) The Iran–Israel conflict, culminating in a nine-day war ending on 22 June 2025, marks a pivotal chapter in their decades-long enmity. Rooted in ideological clashes and geopolitical ambitions, this shadow war—fought through proxies, covert operations, and direct strikes—erupted into open warfare, exposing the military and economic toll on both nations. From the…